Trade and Industry Articles

Strickland's Galloper's

Strickland's Galloper's

Harry Strickland's grandson, Ray Strickland, came from Bromyard to see Bill Gwilliam following a article Bill wrote in Worcester Evening News...... 


Silk Shawel Manufactory in Kidderminster

Silk Shawel Manufactory in Kidderminster

About 1840, a silk factory was established by a Mr. Grovernor in Fish Street, making shawls, mostly black 2 yards square. The principal production of the factory was  however, furniture covering, and it won a prize ,edal at the ...  


Power Looms and Female Labour

Power Looms and Female Labour

Power looms saw an increase of female labour in the textile industry. Dixons brought in women to the looms in 1884, and this was believed to have been an attempt to cheapen labour. However, a standard of 35s. 0d a week was maintained, even though similar work was being done in Yorkshire by women for 15s a week. By 1901....


Beavers & Stouts

Beavers & Stouts

In 1854, George Price Simcox, (formerly Lea & Simcox) obtained a patent for printing twill fabric, which was woven plain, then printed with blocks, and called Beaver Carpets. Works were set up in Worcester Road, but the ....


The Pike Carpet Mills Fire 1886

The Pike Carpet Mills Fire 1886

The destruction of Messrs Watson's Pike Carpet Mills in Green Street, Kidderminster, on July 1, 1886, was one of the most disastrous fires ever seen in the town. The damage was estimated at the time as £80,000 and 500 workpeople were effected. One of the largest mills in Kidderminster was burnt to ruins, and the machinery reduced to a mass of twisted iron... 


The Emigration Fund of the Carpet Trade

The Emigration Fund of the Carpet Trade

Following a dispute in the carpet industry concerning 'the number of apprentices the masters shall allowed to be employ and the age at which apprentices shall be placed on the loom', the workers, led by Ben Adams, established an emigration society to aid 'those who are desirous of leaving the country'. He planned ....


Carpet Manufacturers Association founded 1864

Carpet Manufacturers Association founded 1864

In 1863, and association of power loom carpet weavers was to be formed in Kidderminster, but it was the manufacturers, in fact, who were the first to form a permanent association. The Power Loom Carpet Manufacturers Association was founded in 1864....


Tompkins & Adams on Mount Pleasant - Carpet Trade

Tompkins & Adams on Mount Pleasant - Carpet Trade

Typical of the development of a carpet manufactory is this account from 1919 of the firm of Tompkins & Adams:

Adams was an employee for 15 years, and for 35 years a partner. Tompkins was with Lea & Simcox as a boy of 13 on a handloom in a warehouse now occupied by Messrs. Hyles in Mill Street. Tompkins & Adams started with less than ...


Kidderminster Carpet Manufacturers

Kidderminster Carpet Manufacturers

An attempt in the 1880s to combine all factories under a 'syndicate' fell through, though it led to combinations and limited companies and limited companies. In 1890 the industry had expanded greatly, and the value of the Kidderminster carpet factories was established at .... 


Room & Power System in the Carpet Trade

Room & Power System in the Carpet Trade

The power looms were much larger than the old hand looms, being 17ft tall, and the old premises in Mill Street and Church Street were insufficient. In 1852, Messrs Humphries adopted power looms at their premises in New Road, but gradually, there was no capital for new factories... 


Power Looms

In the early 19th century the domestic system began to break down and the industry moved to the premises of manufacturers. By 1838, there were 24 employers and 4,016 weavers. The manufacturers were not very enterprising. They refused Whylock's patent for a new fabric called Tapestry, or printed Brussels..... 


The Jacquard System

The Jacquard System

In France, in 1801, Joseph Jacquard perfected a device which when adapted to the carpet loom revolutionized the weaving industry. It was a pattern-selecting series of punched cards, which when laced together and fed into the loom, produced the .... 


Early Carpet Works

Early Carpet Works

Many of the early Kidderminster factories where cloth and carpets were made had once been the manufacturers back yard and garden - long narrow, rectangular plots of land, around three sides of which had been built dye-houses, stores, warehouses, and occasionally loom shops, though most loom shops were still scattered throughout the town and not collected into one factory. The forth side of the long narrow yard was usually the rear of the manufacturers dwelling house ...

Kidderminster Carpet Manufacturers in 1776

Kidderminster Carpet Manufacturers in 1776

The carpet mills of Kidderminster clustered in the centre of the town, and scattered on its outskirts. Offices, warehouses and dye-houses lined the banks of the Stour. The carpet weavers worked in a small handloom shops in the town, and frequently some distance from the employer's office, and the raw materials were fetched from the warehouses to the loo-shop which was where most weavers lived....

A Carpet Spy In Kidderminster

A Carpet Spy In Kidderminster

Oral tradition tells that John Brown travelled to Brussels, then to Tournai, where he persuaded a skilled weaver of Brussels carpets to return with him. Brown and the weaver secretly built a new loom in a house on Mount Skippet, but as they worked at night by candlelight, a spy paid by another manufacturer, watched night after night from the sky-light, and the new loom became common knowledge. In 1749, a partnership existed between John....

The First Carpets - Kidderminster

The First Carpets - Kidderminster

Carpets were first made in Kidderminster as one of the many new fabrics - cheyneys, rateens, etc., were introduced in the early 18th century to replace the old linsey-woolsey industry which was ...

Kidderminster before 20th Century

Kidderminster before 20th Century

Kidderminster's history likely predates the Norman Conquest, with a name suggesting religious origins. By the time of the Domesday Book, it was a small market town with surrounding settlements. Throughout the medieval period, Kidderminster grew as a hub for both market trade and cloth weaving, the precursor to its later dominance in carpet manufacturing....

First Spinning Mills

First Spinning Mills

Henry Lea had 66 looms in 1779 and employed yarn spinners in nearby towns. In each place he had an agent to whom he sent wool and from whom he collected homespun yarn. Comparatively few spinners were in Kidderminster. Possibly a shortage of female labour in Kidderminster and the concentration....

Kidderminster Spinners

Kidderminster Spinners

Wool was spun on spinning wheels until in to the late 18th century, when spinning mills were built around Kidderminster, and later in the town itself. It was women's work, and done at home. At the beginning of the 18th century, the population of Kidderminster was nearly 4,000 with 500 looms ....

Early Kidderminster Clothiers

Early Kidderminster Clothiers

John Leland visited Kidderminster in 1559 and wrote: 'This towne standeth most by cloathinge'. Clothing manufacture in Worcestershire was limited to only five towns; Kidderminster, Evesham, Droiwich, Bromsgrove and Worcester. More than 300 years ago, a master weaver had few employees, often his family, and one loom at which he worked. The trade was controlled by the Society of Weavers, consisting of master-weavers and journey-weavers. ABOUT ...

The Worcester Carpet Trade

The Worcester Carpet Trade

At the loss of the cloth trade Worcester looked for a new industry to take its place. It was thought that carpet weaving might fill the gap and for some time carpet weaving was considered set to form Worcester's most important industry...

The Worcester Cloth Trade - Teasels

The Worcester Cloth Trade - Teasels

When Worcester was the principal seat of the English cloth manufactory, teasels were widely grown in the county, particularly in the clay districts of the south-east...

The Clothier's Company Badge

The Clothier's Company Badge

The Clothier's Company Badge was a woolsack. In Copenhagen Street until about 1935 stood the ancient headquarters of the Clothiers and Wool Merchants .....

The Worcester Broadcloth

The Worcester Broadcloth

The Clothiers of Worcester made a broadcloth which had a high reputation in Europe and the Middle East for centuries. It was a woolen cloth of fine open twill-weave fabric which had been milled, (fulled and slightly felted). The cloth was smooth, velvety and dense, suitable for garments where the cloth needs to hang well. It was made ...

How Worcester Lost its Cloth Industry

How Worcester Lost its Cloth Industry

At Worcester the cloth industry was organized so that each process had its own guild and craftsmen, with their own rules and regulations as to prices, wages and quality, number of looms, journeymen and apprentices, all to prevent injurious monopoly......

The Worcester Cloth Guild

The Worcester Cloth Guild

The Clothier's Company of Worcester was in existence in the 13th century, and was subsequently incorporated by Henry V111 and Queen Elizabeth. The later charter was dated 23rd September, 1590. The...


The Trade Guilds

The Trade Guilds

Trade and commerce greatly developed in the 12th century. Town communities saw the need to control quality and prices, and craftsmen needed an organization to assist and protect their interests....


Methods of Tanning

Methods of Tanning

The tanning of hides is a very ancient trade, certainly pre-Roman. Leather was made by drying and salting hides. After the Norman Conquest oak bark was used on cattle skins, alum and oil on the skins of horses, deer and sheep. The Severn had many tanneries on its banks; Bewdley for instance had everything needed for tanning, droves of cattle from the Welsh borderline, oak...


Skinners and Dressers

Skinners and Dressers

At an early date Curriers were ordered to work indoors and not to carry on their trade in the street, and there were penalties for creating nuisances when preparing skins. A local law clearly states that skins were previously dressed on the banks of the river was carried on .....


The Three Springs Leather Works

Leather dressing for centuries was carried on in the Blockhouse Meadows at the Three Springs where there was ample water supply from the streams which there unite to form the Frogging Mill brook. It was run by the Bevington family, prominent in local affairs....


John & William Dent

John & William Dent

John Dent was born in 1751, and served his apprenticeship with James Perkins, glover, and was given his Freedom to trade in Worcester in 1772. Shortly after this he married and had four children, John, Thomas, William and Benjamin. In 1792 he was living at 26 Sidbury, with his son Thomas until his death in 1811, and the business was continued by Thomas until his death in 1824.                                                                                                John Dent junior was born in 1777, and after serving his apprenticeship with his father, was granted his freedom to trade in 1798. He did not remain with John Dent senior, but started as a glove manufacturer on his own account.......


Statistics of Glovers in Worcester

Statistics of Glovers in Worcester

In 1835 there were 82 glove manufacturers; 6 of whom were leather dressers, also 6 curriers, 9 leather dressers, 2 tanners, 4 dyers, and 11 stainers, a total of 39 preparing leather sellers.....


Barbourne Leather Works

Barbourne Leather Works

Barbourne Leather Works originated in the late 1780s in St John's, and was a family concern of the Badgery's which went into the 6th, 7th, 8th, generations, but went into voluntary liquidation in 1956. The managing director and a nucleus of workers ...


Joseph Firkins - Glover

Joseph Firkins - Glover

Joseph Firkins succeeded to a glove business that had been started at the end of the 18th century, and while trading under the name of Joseph Firkins & Co did exclusive trade all over the country. An interesting reference in Berrows Worcester Journal of June 17, 1952, describes that in that ..., 


The Glove Trade in St Martins Ward, Worcester

The Glove Trade in St Martins Ward, Worcester

St Martin's was the Glover's district. The present New Street and Friar Street, were originally one street, and until 1557 was Glovers Street, but in that year was renamed New Street. Considerable trade (gloving) was carried in the area including in Nash's House by John Redgrave, the Hawkes family in Lich Street, which later passed to the Sanders family by marriage, in Lowesmmor, Fownes occupied a warehouse before the erection of their factory in the Blockhouse..... 


Punishments -1825 Two Leather Dressers

Punishments -1825 Two Leather Dressers

In 1825, two leather dressers were imprisoned for supporting apprentices when a strike was on (Guildhall, Feb 9 1825)                                                                                                                                                             Charles Smith and Thomas Badgery, in the employ of Mr. Whitehouse of this City, were this day committed to solitary confinement for 3 months for disobedience to their masters orders. Berrows Worcester Journal corrected the impression that imprisonment formed part of....


Combination & Saints Days

Combination & Saints Days

In 1810, Worcester tailors struck for a rise in wages, and 'An Impartial Observer' issued a handbill protesting against 'this daring combination' saying that men could earn £1 per week besides the enjoyment of 'Saint Monday', but they were ....


The Glovers Union

The Glovers Union

The Glovers Trade Union (for skilled workers) was founded in 1884, but was dissolved in 1904. Another Union Society continued to 1925, but the trade  situation had become worse ..


The Various Guilds

The Various Guilds

The ancient Guilds in the City were very strong. Their restrictions had driven the Cloth Trade out of the City; the carpe trade to Kidderminster, the needlers to Redditch, and was resisting combination moves in the gloving trade. In June 1807, the Master Glovers met to resist a combination of Grounders, Stoners, and White Leather Parers to obtain an advance in wages. 56 firms, including John Dent, signed a declaration of resistance.          An earlier ....


The Glove Trade Chronological Dates in Worcester - in Brief

The Glove Trade Chronological Dates in Worcester - in Brief

The Glover's Guild in existence in 1497 ...


The Glove Trade

The Glove Trade

No commentary on old Worcester can ignore the glove trade which here was very ancient. The first mention of a Glover's Guild dates back to 1497, but the trade existed in Worcester before that. Two Worcester glovers, Francis Fincher and Alexander Beardsley, were prominent Quakers who after much persecution sold all their possessions and emigrated in 1683 with several other local Quakers, and their... 


Webb's Factory School

Webb's Factory School

The only Factory School in Worcester was at the Horse-hair Carpet Mill. Children were used to supply hair to the weaver's hand, and they like others working in mills elsewhere, worked long hours for little reward. Yet, Edward Webb had a particular concern for the children, and he provided an evening school and library for some 40 poor female children. After  10 or more......


Webb's Horsehair Carpet Factory

Webb's Horsehair Carpet Factory

There was in Copenhagen Street until 1935 the last of the City Carpet Mills, all that remained of a trade which, in George lll's reign had a royal inspection and was considered likely to be the most important in the City's future.

In 1835, Edward Webb, then aged 27, bought a horse-hair weaving factory at 8 Copenhagen Street. The plant had 14 seating looms and 2 looms for cider cloth...............


John Oswen, Worcester's First Printer

John Oswen, Worcester's First Printer

High Street was for many centuries the street of printers. The first of that craft to practice in Worcester began in 1548. He was John Oswen of Ipswich, which at that time, he had three printers, Worcester being the 9th place in the British Isles to take up the 'art'. Other places ranking in time before Worcester were Tavistock 1525, Cambridge 1521, York 1509, Edinburgh 1507, London and St Albans 1480 and Oxford between 1478 and 1486.  

 


'Uncle' Ben Emblings Sweet Stall c.1909

'Uncle' Ben Embling's Sweet Stall in Angel Street at the Worcester Cheese and Hop Fair 19th September 1909


Angel Street Cheese & Hop Fair 1909

Stalls in Angel Street for the annual Cheese and Hop Fair, 19th September 1909


Victoria House and Fashion in 1900

Victoria House and Fashion in 1900

The most famous of Worcester's drapery and millinery establishments in the 19th century was Victoria House. Its premises was part of the old Hop Pole Hotel, one of the most famous posting establishments in the Midlands.


Hardy and Padmore, the Worcester Foundary

Hardy and Padmore, the Worcester Foundary

The Worcester Foundary was in the Blockhouse, on the canal-side. It closed in 1967 after 153 years of business


Williamson's Providence Work's

Williamson's Providence Work's

Well over 100 years ago, a local tinsmith, William Blizzard Williamson, founded a sheet metal works in Providence Street, and called it the Providence Works. It was small but it became the base of operations for Metal Box's biggest money -spinner in the UK

McNaught & Co's Carriage Works.

McNaught & Co's Carriage Works.

The head of the firm of McNaught & Co., Mr.J.A.McNaught, was for over half a century acively connected with the business life of the City of Worcester. He was born in Kendal, in Westmorland in 1828, his father being a coachbuilde

Robert Baker & Royal Worcester

Robert Baker & Royal Worcester

Skilled potter and teacher, became Professor of Ceramics at the Royal Collage of Art. In 1959 he left that post to join the Board of the Royal Worcester Porcelain, bringing with him some of his most talented colleagues and students

E.W.Locke.

E.W.Locke.

Potter came from a family of potters from Swansea, who came to work at Worcester in the early 19th century. E.W. was apprenticed to George Granger on November 14th, 1845.

The Willow Pattern and Blue Dragon Designs

The Willow Pattern and Blue Dragon Designs

The son of a Rector of Comberton, Thomas Turner, apprenticed to the Worcester Porcelain Works at Warmstrey House, introduced the 'Willow Pattern' into England,

The beginnings of the Worcester Porcelain Company

The beginnings of the Worcester Porcelain Company

  1. By the middle of the 18th century 'china' was the fashionable rage throughout Europe. Several attempts were made to emulate the imported porcelain from the Far East, but the approach in England was different to that in France and Germany,

Porcelain Manufacture In Worcester

Porcelain Manufacture In Worcester

Porcelain manufacture in Worcester started in 1751 by Dr. John Wall and William Davis of this city. The cloth trade on which the city's prosperity depended had declined, and there was a search for new industries.

Early Engineers

Early Engineers

The early engineers were mostly millwrights and smiths, making and erecting mills and gins (or engines). A famous Worcester engineer named Yarnold,

The Beginning of Iron Workings in Worcestershire

The Beginning of Iron Workings in Worcestershire

Roman iron workings in the Severn valley were extensive. The value of iron was great, and often used as currency. In a Domesday survey Gloucester paid tribute in bars of iron. In the Wyche Cutting, Malvern,

Shot Manufactory in High Street, 1793

Shot Manufactory in High Street, 1793

Berrow's Worcester Journal of August 15, 1793, announced that 'At Roper's Tea Warehouse, High Street, Worcester, shot is manuafctured, and well-known to be a good article,

W.E.Tucker, Printer

W.E.Tucker, Printer

W.E.Tucker was a printer of some distinction. It was he who built the large works in Barbourne, (Northwick Avenue), which was later occupied by R.J.Collins, and later by Messrs Kay.Co.

James Plum & Son, a Worcester Cutler

James Plum & Son, a Worcester Cutler

For over 70 years, James Plum, father and son, carried on a cutlers business in High Street. They were among a number of old established residents there who lived over the shop in the old manner.

Glass works in Worcester

Glass works in Worcester

Glass was at one time made at Worcester in the 17th century, but the maker ended up in a debtors 'prison in London, where he died. In 1739, in the Weekly  Worcester Journal, there was a mention of a glass house (or works) at Worcester.

Bank in Mealcheapen St.

Bank in Mealcheapen St.

BWJ of January 8, 1795 reported "The public are respectfully informed that a bank has been opened at No . 16 Mealcheapen Street, near the Corn Market, under the firm of Farley, Wakeman, Turner and F.Spilsbury, where they solicit the favours of their